The design of an air nozzle plays a crucial role in controlling and directing airflow by manipulating the velocity, direction, and pattern of the compressed air stream. Here's how the design features contribute to this:

1. Orifice Size and Shape: The size and shape of the orifice or opening in the air nozzle determine the rate at which compressed air is expelled. By adjusting the size and shape of the orifice, the velocity of the airflow can be controlled, allowing for precise regulation of the airflow speed.

2. Internal Geometry: The internal geometry of the air nozzle, including the shape of the nozzle body and any internal channels or passages, influences the flow characteristics of the compressed air. By shaping these internal features, designers can create specific airflow patterns such as conical, fan-shaped, or directed jets.

3. Exit Velocity: The taper and contour of the nozzle's exit area help to accelerate and direct the airflow as it exits the nozzle. By shaping the exit area, designers can increase the exit velocity of the airflow, creating a more focused and powerful stream.

4. Directional Control: Some air nozzle feature adjustable or swiveling designs that allow users to control the direction of the airflow. By adjusting the orientation of the nozzle, users can direct the airflow precisely where it is needed, optimizing its effectiveness for different tasks.

5. Attachment Mechanisms: The design of the attachment mechanism, such as threads, bayonet fittings, or quick-connect couplings, ensures a secure connection between the air nozzle and the compressed air supply line. This ensures that the airflow remains directed as intended and prevents leaks or loss of pressure.

Overall, the careful design of an air nozzle's geometry, exit area, and attachment mechanisms allows for precise control and direction of airflow, making it a versatile tool for various industrial applications such as cleaning, drying, cooling, and conveying.